What’s Causing the Refrigerant Shortage?
If you’ve tried to source R-410A or R-454B refrigerant recently, you may have experienced sticker shock—or long delays. That’s because the HVAC industry is in the midst of a government-mandated transition away from high global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants, and the ripple effects are being felt across the supply chain.
The Phase-Out of R-410A
R-410A, the longtime standard for commercial and residential HVAC systems, is being phased down under the American Innovation and Manufacturing (AIM) Act, which requires the gradual reduction of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants in the U.S. market. The goal? Cut HFC production and consumption by 85% by 2036.
The first big cut came in 2024, with another major reduction set for 2025. That accelerated timeline has led to:
- Hoarding and stockpiling of R-410A
- Price spikes and limited availability
- Pressure on manufacturers and contractors to adapt quickly
The Rise of R-454B—And Its Challenges
As a low-GWP alternative, R-454B is poised to replace R-410A in many new systems. It offers similar performance with significantly less environmental impact—but its adoption isn’t seamless.
Challenges include:
- Limited production and distribution infrastructure
- Flammability rating (A2L), requiring updated safety protocols
- Retrofit limitations—most R-410A systems cannot be converted to R-454B
The Role of the AIM Act
The AIM Act, passed in 2020, gave the EPA the authority to phase down HFC refrigerants in line with global climate goals. While the long-term environmental benefits are clear, the speed of implementation has caught parts of the HVAC industry off guard.
Many suppliers and manufacturers weren’t fully prepared for the 2024 HFC reduction. As a result, demand surged while supply lagged—creating today’s refrigerant shortage.
Industry Response: What’s Being Done
HVAC manufacturers, suppliers, and contractors are actively working to adjust. Here’s how:
- Accelerating equipment redesigns to accommodate R-454B and other low-GWP refrigerants
- Educating contractors on proper storage, handling, and installation of A2L refrigerants
- Expanding training programs to ensure safe service practices
- Monitoring inventory and advising customers to plan ahead for replacements and service
Still, many commercial building owners and facility managers are left wondering how to navigate the shortage in the short term.
What You Can (and Can’t) Do During the Refrigerant Shortage
Do:
- ✅ Schedule proactive maintenance to prevent leaks and extend system life
- ✅ Work with your contractor to plan ahead for any system replacements
- ✅ Ensure proper refrigerant recovery and reuse where applicable
- ✅ Stay informed about equipment compatibility and regulatory updates
Don’t:
- ❌ Top off refrigerants indiscriminately—this can damage your system
- ❌ Attempt a DIY retrofit to R-454B or other low-GWP refrigerants
- ❌ Ignore signs of refrigerant leaks, which can lead to bigger costs
- ❌ Delay replacement decisions if your equipment is near end of life
Are There Alternatives to R-454B?
For new equipment, R-454B is currently one of the most widely adopted successors to R-410A. However, other options are emerging:
- R-32: A low-GWP refrigerant with higher efficiency but higher flammability
- R-466A: A non-flammable candidate, still in development for broader use
- Natural refrigerants (e.g., CO₂, ammonia, propane): Mostly used in industrial or niche applications
Choosing the right alternative depends on your system type, application, and future regulatory changes.
Final Thoughts
The transition away from R-410A is a necessary step toward environmental sustainability—but it’s not without growing pains. The refrigerant shortage is real, but manageable with the right planning, communication, and care. Work with a knowledgeable commercial HVAC contractor who can help you prepare for what’s ahead.
If you manage a facility or commercial property, now is the time to:
- Review your HVAC inventory
- Budget for future replacements
- Train your staff on new refrigerant safety standards
Have questions? We’re here to help. Contact us.
